Psgf;sf] ;'g;fg n]sfnL kf6fsf] yfKnfdf xfdLn] kfOnf la;fof}+ . psfnf] r9]/ yfs]sf] Hofgdf hfu/ knfPkl5 kfOnf–kbrfknfO{ _]l/ ultdfg\ agfof}+ . lgs} a]/sf] nuftf/ lx8fOkZrft\ 3dfOnf] 7fp cfof] . cf]/flnb} em/]sf] af6f];u le/fnf] kf6g cfOk'u]sf] lyof] . xl/of] rf}/n] el/Psf] v'Nnf kf6gdf lgl:_qmL bf}l8g, n8La'8L v]Ng xfdLn] /x/ u¥of}+ . s]xL ;fyLx¿n] To;f] ug]{ ;do of] gePsf] eGb} u'gf;f] u/] . xfdL eg] olt /dfOnf] w/tLdf kfOnf 6]Sg cfPkl5 dg v';L ug{ gkfP s]sf] dHhf x'g] ef] t / eGb} u'gf;f]df b'v];f] yKg yfNof}+ .
7fp ;fx«} /dfOnf] lyof] . PsfGt, zfGt clg :jR5 / k|s[ltsf] /d0fLo :yn hxfsf] ;'Gb/tf dgdf]xs lyof] . k|s[ltsf] ;f}Gbo{ g} Toxf pb\3fl6t / pkl:yt ePsfn] of] jftfj/0faf6 xfdLh:tf k|s[ltk|]dL kfun x'g' c:jfefljs lyPg . oBlk xfdL s]xLsf] of] kfunkgnfO{ ;fyLx¿n] ;fRr}sf] :jefjdf lnP . x'g klg xfdL k|s[ltsf] ;f}Gbo{ufgdf n6\l7P/ dflQb} lyof}+ . Tof] dTofO pR5[ª\vn / pQ]hgfk"0f{ lyPg . ;fyLx¿n] of] s'/f a'lemlbPgg\ . ;fob xfdLn] a'emfpg klg ;s]gf}+ . lsgeg] xfdL cf_"–cf_}+ /dfpb}Yof}+ . n6\l7b} d:tn] efj's efjgf vf]Nb}Yof}+ . k|s[ltdf x/fP/ s]xL l5g cf_"b]lv cf_}+ 6f9f st} hfb}Yof}+ .
of] 7fp lyof]— s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] h'Dnf / d'u'sf] l;dfgf If]q / pkNnf] pQ/L kxf8sf] sl7g hLjgz}nL afRg] Hofgsf nflu k|s[lt / ;'Gb/tfn] s'g} ;'ljwf lbg ;s]sf] lyPg . To;}n] klg :yfgLo k|s[lt d"NoxLg v]/ uO/x]sf] lyof] . x'g ;S5 ToxL v]/ uPsf] k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{ k|s[ltsf kf/vLsf cfvfdf k/]/ laplemof] . slnnf] laxfgLsf] d':sfgdf Tof] af}l/of], tª\lu|of] clg of}jgk"0f{ ePkl5 xfdLnfO{ :kz{ ug{ cfOk'Uof] . xfdL klg dWof_g 9lNsPkl5 Toxf k'Uof}+ . cyjf k|s[lt _lqmP/ hjfg ePs} Ps ck/f_g xfd|f] cfudg Toxf eof] . ;+of]un] xfd|f nflu cg's"nsf] ofd eOlbof] . xfdLn] vf]h]sf] n]sfnL ;f}Gbo{ Toxf e]l6of] . To;n] xfdLnfO{ 5'g', emª\s[t kfg'{ / kfun} agfOlbg' 7"n} k|fs[lts lbJozlQm xf] . xfdL To;df d:t / dHhfn] ;dflxt eP/ k|s[ltsf] v'Nnf cfugdf k|s[ltd} ljnLg x'g kfpg' xfd|f nflu 7"n} k|flKt lyof] .
jf:tjdf k|s[ltsf] a}+;n] xfdL dft]sf lyof}+— Tolt a]nf / k|s[lt _'n]/ ;'uGw / ;f}Gbo{ Ps;fy k|]lift ul//x]sf] lyof] . ;xl/of eOvfPsf xfd|f] dfgl;stf ¿vf] ePsf] lyof] h;n] k|s[lt/d0fdf cfgGb e]6\g' ;Dej lyPg . aNn–tNn of] cgsG6f/sf] e]sdf cfP/ xfdLn] k|s[lt;u ;fIffTsf/ ug]{ cj;/ kfPsf lyof}+ . k|s[ltnfO{ cufnf]df /fv]/ dfofsf ;+nfkx¿df r'Dof}+ . cfTdLo :jefjsf ;fptLx¿df e]6Øf}+ . k|s[lt df}g lyof] t/ r'krfk / ultxLg xf]Og . pm cf_}+leqaf6 ;'Gb/ / ;'zLn lyof] . p;nfO{ l;ufg{ s'g} ;fdu|L cfjZos lyPg . pm c¿s} v';Lsf nflu, csf{s} enfOdf hLjg p;n] kfPsf] lyof] . xfd|f] h:tf] :jfyL{ :jefj p;sf] 5bf klg lyPg . To;}n] k|s[lt ;a}sf] lk|o lyof] .
cl3Nnf] lbg;Dd /f/ftfnsf] ;f}Gbo{;fu/df x/fP/ ;dflw:y ePsf xfdL k|s[ltsf cª\u–cª\u rxf/]/ _ls{+b} lyof}+ . Toxf hLjGt afRg] k|]/0ff lyof] . Toxf xf/]/ klg lhts} cfu|x / clego lyPg . h] 5 Tof] k[ys\ df}lns klxrfgsf ;fy k|:t't lyof] . s'df/L k|s[ltsf] kl/ro Toxf lyof] . /, Tof] cfTduf}/jsf ;fy cf_gf ;f}Gbo{¿k ;w}+ k|blz{t ul//x]s} x'GYof] . d'l:snn] dfq} dflg;sf] dg Toxf k'Ubf] /x]5 . c;'ljwfsf sf/0f w]/} s'/f c:tJo:t /x]sf] b]lvof] . oxL sf/0f dfgjLo b[li6sf]0f oxf kg{ / oxfsf] k|s[lt pkof]udf cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . oxfsf] k|s[lt k|sf/fGt/n] cem} cgsG6f/df 5 . k|s[ltnfO{ a'‰g] dfgl;stf 5}g . k|s[lt :jod\ cf_gf] ;f}Gbo{ k|z+;saf6 jl~rt / kLl8t 5 .
x'g t cfhsf] ;dodf k|s[ltk|ltsf] Psf]xf]/f] cfsif{0f ax'n6\7Lkg x'g ;Snf . o;f] eGb}df k|s[lt / hLjgaLrsf] cflbd gftf tf]l8P/ PSnfPSn} afRg sbflk ;Sb}g . ;'Gb/ g]kfnsf] zfGt ;f}Gbo{ oxL+ b]Vg, e]6\g / cfvfs} :kz{df dfofsf] ld7f;n] cfTd;ft\ ug{ kfOG5 . ef}uf]lns ljs6tfn] xDd];L dfG5] otf cfpb}gg\ . hf] hlt cfp5g\ tL ;a} k|s[ltsf] ;':jfb' :j¿kdf cfTdljef]/ eP/ hfG5g\ . k|To]s df};d, dlxgf / xKt}lkR5] k|s[ltn] /ª _]b}{ hfG5 . Tof] /ª_]/fOdf a]Un}–a]Un} _"n / ;'uGw ;fj{hlgs x'G5 . To;} d];f]df r/f / k'tnLsf slt y/L ;ª\Vof ToxL n]sfnL kf6f]el/ b[li6uf]r/ x'g] /x]5 . x]g{nfO{ cfvf c3fphL s'g} laemfpg] b[Zo 5}g . htftt} xl/of], el/nf] k|s[ltsf] pGd'Qm a}+; kf]lvPsf] e]l6G5 . jg:klt, emgf{, 5x/f, 9'ª\u] kxf8 jf cyjf lxpbdf lxdfn aGg] 8f8f ;a} snfTds b]lvG5g\ .
o:tf] nfU5, dfgf}+ xfdL k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{s} ;d'_df kf}8L v]ln/x]sf 5f}+ hxf s'g} czflGt 5}g, hxf tgfj pTkGg u/fpg] s'g} kl/l:ylt klg 5}g . of] zflGt If]q k|s[ltsf] cg'kd e08f/ xf] . of] xfd|} e"uf]nleqsf] zfGt k|fs[lts ;/f]j/ xf] . xfdLn] Pp6f l;ª\uf] lbg o;} kl/j[Qdf latfof}+ . af]Nbf klg sljtf u'gu'lgG5 . vf]Sbf klg ;ª\uLt ;';]lnG5 . lx8\bf g[Tosf] ;f+:s[lts pT;j pkl:yt x'G5 . o:tf] w/tL hxfsf] xfjfdf ;~hLjgL ;'uGw ldl>t 5 . af]6–a'6Øfgdf hLjg–k|f0fsf] :kGbg k|ltWjlgt eO/x]5 . cslj klg slj aGg] / /f]uL klg :j:y x'g ;Sg] of] jftfj/0f prfO :ynsf] ljz]iftf xf] .
of] k|Llts/ e"ldnfO{ r'Db} xfdL cf]/flnb} lyof] . csf]{ le/fnf] kf6gdf _]l/ uhasf] b[Zo b]lvof] . r/gdf dUg e]8f–afv|fsf ayfg lyP . _/s–_/s k]6 eg{ Pp6} r/gdf klg ldlnh'nLsf] xflb{stf lyof] . uf]7fnf]ljgf klg e]8f–afv|f lgolGqt lyP . cf_"v';L rf}t_L{ rxfb}{ r/g sfo{df p208 rl/q b]vfPsf lyPgg\ . ;of}+ e]8f–afv|fsf] ;+o'Qm ;xofqf ;fdflhs lyof] . k|s[lt / hLjgaLr ldq–ldngsf] of] csf]{ z[ª\vnf lyof] . cfhsf dfG5]n] l;Sg'kg]{ s'/f oxf k|z:t} lyP .
s'gfdf lxp klUnP/ em/]sf] emgf{sf] b[Zo a]Un} / 5]j}df a"9f] ¿v ctLtsf :d[lt ;'gfpb} tGg]/L klxrfgdf k|:t't lyof] . tn _8\s], dxfb]j dlGb/ / gfua]nL ;8s clg lxp vf]nf lgs} cfsif{s b]lvGYof] . ¿v–kftsf hª\unL :j¿k;d]t p:t} cfsif{s, To:t} cgf}7f lyP . ;–;fgf kxf8sf t/]nL / To;df pld|Psf a'6Øfg s'g} lrqsf/sf] sNkgf zlQmeGbf sdhf]/ lyPg . /ª, ;+of]hg / ;+/rgf ;a} 7ØfSs} ldn]sf] lyof] . 306f}+ a;]/ x]l//xbf klg dg gc3fpg] / k|s[ltnfO{ ef]sf cfvfn] hltGh]n lryf]/rfyf]/ kf/] klg :j¿k glalu|g] s:tf] k|s[lt </
;'Gb/tf dfG5]sf] cfvfdf x'G5 . To;nfO{ cg'e"t ug]{ dfG5]sf] b[li6sf]0fdf e/ k5{ . xfdLn] b]Vg] oxL /fd|f]kg oxfsf afl;Gbfsf nflu clezfk klg ePsf] x'g ;S5 . lsgeg] ul/aLn] l5of–l5of kf/]sf] hLjgsf lglDt k|s[ltsf] ;f}Gbo{n] k]6k"hf u/fpg ;Sb}g . k]6k"hf gu/L s] /fd|f], s] g/fd|f] / x'g ;S5 oxL sf/0f of] b'u{d n]ssf] dxTj :yfgLo :t/d} cf]em]ndf k/]sf] 5 . k|s[ltn] g} s0ff{nLnfO{ 7u]sf] xf] ls s0ff{nLjf;Laf6} k|s[lt 7luPsf] xf] < xfdLn] tYo s'/f a'‰g ;s]gf}+ . olt /fd|f] k|s[lt s;}af6 7lug' gkg]{ xf] . olb 7luPs} xf] eg] ;/sf/L b[li6sf]0faf6 6fl9Psf] cj:yfdf 5 . cfwf/e"t ;'ljwf;Dd oxf k'¥ofOlbbf dfG5] cfpy] . o;sf] dxTj a9\Yof] . rrf{ / k|z+;f x'GYof] . To;kl5 :yfgLo :t/df To;n] v:s]sf] hLjg:t/ p7fpg ;xof]u k'¥ofpYof] . To; k|s[ltdf lbgel/ /dfpbf xfdLn] o:t} ts{gf / lrGtgf u¥of}+ .

lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfl;t d]/f] slxNo} e]6 x'g ;s]g . d k|1f–k|lti7fgdf x'Fbf pxfF k|wfgdGqLsf ¿kdf kb]g s'nklt x'g'x'GYof] t/ klg s]–s;f] eP/ xf] s'lGg d'vfd'v eO{ e]6 x'g] ;+of]u slxNo} cfPg . k|hftGqsf] k'ga{xfnLkl5 rf/ k6s k|wfgdGqL eP/ gf} jif{ b]zsf xfnLd'xfnL ePsf Toqf k|efjzfnL JolQml;t rLg hfg, gd:t]–kf6L / enfs';f/L x'g gkfpg] d]/f] cf_g} b'ef{Uo xf] eG7fG5' . cj;/n] 7u]sf] .
g]kfnsf] /fhkl/jf/kl5 b]zdf sf]O/fnf kl/jf/s} xfFs–8fFs cfwf ztfAbLb]lv /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . nx/} tLg bfh'–efO b]zsf k|wfgdGqL x'g k'u] . sfG5f efO cyf{t\ rf}/f;L rfgr'gsf lul/hfafa" gf} jif{ /fHok|d'v eO;s]/ klg cem} Jofofdzfnfaf6 _ls{g'ePsf] 5}g, ;Qfsf] 3D;f3D;Ldf l5g{ cem} df+;k]zL dd{t ub}{ x'g'x'G5 .
cF t, d eGb} lyPF, pxfFl;t k|ToIf e]63f6 eg] x'g kfPg . g pxfFn] 8fs–af]nfp ug'{eof], g ;;lNsP/ d} afn'jf6f/ k'u]+ . lul/hfafa"l;t e]6 gx'g] ;+of]usf nflu Pp6} bnsf g]tf /x]sf b]pjfHo" klg lg/fz eO;Sg'eP5 clg t st} eGg'eof]— æpxfFl;t d]/f] e]6 s'g} sfo{stf{ laTbf cfo{3f6df dfq x'g] u5{ .Æ d]/f] t Tof] hf]xf] klg 5}g .
t/ Ps lbg cfZro{hgs 36gf eof] . ;GWof–;do d l6eLdf ;dfrf/ x]l//x]sf] lyPF, _f]gsf] 306L aHof] . prfn]sf] t ptfaf6 s;}n] eGof]— æk|wfgdGqLHo" tkfO{+l;t s'/f ug'{x'G5 .Æ dgdf lr;f] k:of] . dnfO{ wGojfb lbg] dflg; t xf]Og pxfF, cjZo s'g} la7Øfª k/]sf] x'g'k5{ .
s'/f s] eP5 eg] To; lbgb]lv Pdfn]sf] kf6L{ clwj]zg k|1fdf k|f/De ePsf] lyof] . pgLx¿sf] s'g} sfo{stf{n] k|1f ejgsf] ;a}eGbf dfly /x]sf] ;/:jtLsf] lz/eGbf klg pRr :yfgdf a8]dfsf] xFl;of / 3g ePsf] /ftf] emG8f afFlwlbP5 . s;}n] pNn]v gu/]sf] eP s'/f cfof]–uof] eO;Sg] yof] . Tolt;f/f] cIfDo ck/fw klg lyPg Tof] . s'g} sfo{stf{sf] clt pT;fxn] ubf{ g ljBfbfqL, x+;jflxgLsf] ckdfg x'g uPsf] lyof] g k|1f ejgnfO{ s'g} Iflt g} k'Ug uPsf] lyof] . ;fFRr} eGg] xf] eg] d}n] Tolt cUnf] ejgsf] w'/Ldfly uf]nfsf/ ;/:jtLsf] d"lt{ /x]sf] e]p klg kfPsf] lyOgF . s'g} Hofb} ;"IdbzL{n] lh/f_h:t} uw{g prfn]/ emG8faf/] kQf] nfP/ a'n'{Ss afn'jf6f/lt/ _fn xfn]sf] x'g'k5{ . cfZro{ 5 olt gu0o s'/f]–sGyf]sf nflu hf] ls s'g} lgod–sfg'gsf] hnjfo' ljk/Lt klg lyPg, s;}af6 dnfO{ b"/efif gu/fP/ pxfF cf_}+ _f]g prfNg sDd/ s:g'eof] . dl;t s'/f ubf{ s'g} lhNnf:t/sf] sfo{stf{ xsf/]h:t} pxfFsf] :j/ lyof]— æo:tf] uDeL/ 36gf tkfO{+sf] sfof{nodf x'G5, tkfO{+ eg] s]xL yfxf 5}g eGg'x'G5 < o:tf] crfSnL t ePg lg /Æ d klg cln a/fFl7Psf] pQ/ _sf{pg zAb vf]Hg dfq nfu]sf] lyPF ls k|wfgdGqLsxfF l;tf/jfbg ug{ uPsf ltg} lh/f_ dxf]bosf] cg'xf/ ;Dem]+ . ctM k|wfgdGqLsf] of] pkfnDe d]/f nflu geO{ ltgsf] x'nfsL :jefjsf] :ofaf;Lsf nflu xf] cyf{t\ o;} u/L kl5 klg laANofF6fx¿sf hf;';L, lrof]rrf]{ ws gdfgL cf];f/k;f/ ul//xg'xf]nf . d}n] cltzo ljgd| eP/ eg]+— æk|wfgdGqLHo"sf] cf1fcg';f/ ef]ln laxfg} d emG8f lemSg nfOlbg]5' .Æ
ef]lnkN6 sfof{no uP/ x]5'{ t emG8f t afFw]sf /x]5g\ t/ ltgnfO{ klg x]Ssf lyPg ls ;/:jtLsf] d"lt{ tn k/]5 . s'/f _f:; g _':;sf] nfUof] . b]z} 8'Ag nfUof] eg]/ k|wfdGqL lsg s'n]{sf] xf]nf < g of] ;lGw lyof] g ;Demf}tf, Pp6f o'jf sfo{stf{sf] sfFrf] sDo'lg:6 nx8afhL dfq lyof] . t/ d}n] t lemSg nfpg] afrf k|wfgdGqLsf ;fd" ul/;s]sf] lyPF . k|hftGq k'ga{xfnLkl5sf klxnf lgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqL ePsfn] cf_gf ;fd' cfuf] cf]5ØfP/ a:g'ePsf] lyof] . k~rfog zf;gtGqdf cfs07 la6'lnP/ tLg bzs;Dd kbf;Lg ePsf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ pxfFn] /fFsf] afn]/ hª\unL xfQL v]bØf h:t} wkfpg'eof] . hgtfnfO{ xfFs–8fFs u/]/ t;f{pg], kbsf] wfswSs" nfP/ cf_"d'lgsfnfO{ g/s6h:t} g'xfO/xg] tL Ps ;] Ps sfnf Vofs, ;]tf Vofsh:tf b]Vb} 8/ nfUg] xflsdx¿ r"F;Dd gaf]nL cf_gf] tfgfafgf a'emfP/ 3/ a;L gflt–gfltgf v]nfpg yfn] . k|wfgdGqL lgjf;df k|j]z ubf{ ;F3f/df pxfFn] sfnf] af]sf] r9fP/ zf;g z'ef/Desf] ;fOt h'/fpg'eof] .
o;f] x]/]+, k|1f ejg ;fd'sf] rf}/df s]xL g]skfsf g]tfx¿ s'/fsfgL ul//x]sf lyP . s;}nfO{ lrg]sf] t lyOgF . Psl5gkl5 e/tdf]xg cfOk'u] . pgnfO{ d}n] Ps lsgf/ nu]/ cf_gf] ;d:of dfq elggF, emG8} ;/:jtLsf] k|ltdfdfly ufl8Psf] emG8f 6f9faf6 b]vfO{ klg lbPF . pgL klg emG8f ;Rofpg] kIfdf dl;t ;xdt eP . e/tdf]xgn] sf]l;t ;Nnfx u/] s'lGg < cfP/ eg]— æx]g'{;\, clxn]nfO{ tTsfn o;sf] :yfg kl/jt{g ug{ ldNb}g . sfo{stf{x¿ 6f9f–6f9faf6 cfPsf 5g\ . emG8fsf] ljifo lnP/ pQ]lht x'g a]/ 5}g . ctM e/] /ftdf tkfO{+n] cf_gf sd{rf/L nufP/ 7fpF ;fl/lbg'eof] eg] dnfO{ nfUb5, ef]ln o;sf] s;}nfO{ x]Ssf klg x'g]5}g .Æ s'/f 7Ls} nfUof] dnfO{ . To; lbgel/ t k|wfgdGqLnfO{ hlt x'6x'6L nfu] klg dl;t ;Dks{ x'g klg sl7g kg]{5 .
xfdLsxfF Ps–rf/df kfnf]sf nflu cfPsf k|x/L / s]xL sd{rf/L nfP/ /flt emG8fsf] l:ylt ;RofOlbPF . geGb} Totf s;}sf] Wofg klg uPg / s'/f cfof]–uof] eOxfNof] .
eOkl/cfpg] cfpg] ;fgfltgf ;d:ofx¿, h;sf] lgsf;sf nflu Tolt;f/f] lrGtf lng'kg]{ cj:yf klg lyPg, s]xL k|oTg u/] tL 6/]/ klg hfGy] . t/ s]xL o:tf bL3{sfnLg /f]uf0f'x¿ lyP_ h;af6 k|1f–k|lti7fg oIdfsf] /f]uLh:t} leqleq} vf]qmf] x'Fb} uPsf] lyof] . d}n] /f]usf] klxrfg t ul/;s]sf] lyPF, t/ lgbfgsf nflu s'g} af6f] kfO/x]sf] lyOgF .
Ps lbg s] klg b]v]+ eg] sd{rf/Lx¿sf] Ps n'F8f] aflx/ rf}/df a;]/ sf]xL a'l4rfn v]Ng], sf]xL abfd vfg] eg] sf]xL af]/f cf]5ØfP/ lxpFbsf] kfl/nf] 3fddf clhFu/h:t} ndtGg eP/ ;'lt/x]sf] b]v]+ . o:tf] _';{bsf] /dfOnf] ;b'kof]u ug]{ s] oL ;a} k|1fs} sd{rf/L x'g\ jf aflx/ st}af6 3fd tfKg cfPsf x'g\ < ToxfF cf_gf] lh1f;f dgd} /fv]/ dfly pSn]kl5 k|zf;g–k|d'vnfO{ 8fs]+ .
;a} a'‰bf k|1fnfO{ ;jf{lws ¿kaf6 ynf kfl//x]sf] ca'{b /f]u oxL /x]5 eGg] s'/f yfxf kfPF .
b;f}+ jif{b]lv s'g} sfd gu/L tna–eQf vfOcfPsf oL k|1f 5fkfvfgfcGtu{tsf sd{rf/L /x]5g\ .
tTsfn d 5fkfvfgf x]g{ uPF . Tof] k|]; geP/ k|];sf] k'/ftflTjs ;ª\u|xfnoh:t} /x]5 . s'g} Ps d]l;g klg rNg ;Sg] cj:yfdf lyPg . ljsnfª\u oGqx¿ afSnf] w"nf]sf] sn]6L k/]/ s] klg k|:6ØfO/x]sf lyP ls tL dlxgf klg xf]Og, jiff}{+b]lv crn / ultxLg eP/ a;]sf 5g\ . d}n] k|];sf gfOs] sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f]w]+— æ5fkfvfgfsf] o:tf] cj:yf lsg eof] < o;af/] tkfO{+x¿n] s'g} k|of; ug'{ePg <Æ
p;n] _sf{of]— æs] k|of; ug'{, dfu u/]sf] kf6{–k'hf{ vl/b ul/lbgsf nflu eGof] eg] n]vfn] hlxn] klg k};fsf] cefj b]vfP/ _sf{OlbG5 .Æ
d}n] n]vfl;t a'‰bf emg\ lg/fzfhgs pQ/ kfPF— æo; 5fkfvfgfaf6 ePsf] rf]/L lgsf;Ln] ltgn] cf_}+ lghL 5fkfvfgf vf]ln;s]sf 5g\ . cfh Pp6f d]l;g dd{t u¥of], ef]ln csf]{ d]l;gsf] uxlsnf] cª\u x/fO;s]sf] x'G5 . tL c7f/ efO Psd'v eP/ ldn]sf 5g\, Pp6fnfO{ aft nfUof] ls csf{n] emlD6xfN5 .Æ
d}n] eQmnfnnfO{ k':tsfnodf wkfPkl5 w]/} hfFra'em / d"Nofª\sg u/]kl5 s[i0fsfGtnfO{ n]vfk|d'v t'NofP/ NofPsf] lyPF . k|1fsf] ljQLo ;~hfn a'em]sf] dfq geO{ dfemLn] kf]v/Laf6 df5f s'DNofP/ h;/L hfn tfG5 To;} u/L cfly{s lgoGq0fdf s[i0fsfGt vlKk; lyP . ef]hg–kfgL af/faf/sf nflu d}n] s8f afrf–aGwg u/fPadf]lhd st}af6 ufn kg]{ u/L vfPsf] klg lyPg, Hofb} ulx/f]df 8'a]/ s07 /;fPsf] eP s'lGg .
n]vfkfnsf] egfOaf6 s] klg a'lemof] eg] k|];sf sd{rf/LnfO{ tna afF8\g cf7 nfv k|ltjif{ nfUb5 eg] aflx/ d'_0f u/fpg] afWotfsf nflu csf]{ cf7 nfv k|1fsf]ifaf6 vlr{g'k/]sf] 5 . d}n] ;f]w]+— æoL lgliqmo sd{rf/Lsf nflu cf7 nfvsf] ckJoo ePsf] 6'n'6'n' x]l//xg] < o:tf] cg'Tkfbs hdftn] 3fd tfk]/ tna–eQf ksfPsf] s;/L ;lx/xg] < o;sf] pkrf/ s] 5 <Æ
æls 5fkfvfgf lapFtfpg'k¥of] ls ToxfFsf sd{rf/LnfO{ vf]:g] cfF6 ug'{k¥of] . clxn];Dd hlt k|f1 cfP klg oL b'j} sfd ltgaf6 x'g ;s]g . ;a} d'G6f] _sf{P/ cf–cf_gf] cjlwsf] ef]u u/]/ uP . k|];nfO{ :j:y eP/ d'_0f ug]{ cj:yfdf oL cfpg} lbFb}gg\ . lsgls 5fkfvfgf rNg yfNof] eg] logn] k'gM xf8 3f]6]/ tna ksfpg'kg]{5 hals kl/>d / nug logsf] /utaf6} x/fO;Sof] . csf]{ ljsNk lognfO{ nv]6\g] xf], To;af/] s;}n] cfF6 k'¥ofpg ;Sb}g . ;/n] klg r'k nfu]/ a;] x'G5 . lognfO{ rnfof] eg] cl/Fufnsf] uf]nf] eTsfPh:tf] x'g]5 . logdWo] t s]xL dWo;x/sf gfd rn]sf x'Nofxf klg 5g\ .Æ s[i0fsfGtsf] s'/f ;'g]/ d uDeL/ ePF . d]/f nflu k|1fsf] 5fkfvfgf 7"nf] xfFs x'g uof] .
lgs} lbg s] u¿F s;f] u¿Fsf] cj:yfdf 3f]l/O/x]+ . ltgn] 3fd tfk]sf], abfd vfPsf], a'l4rfn v]n]sf] / Pscsf{l;t 8fFsf] 5f8]/ xfF;f]7§f u/]sf] dnfO{ ;lxg;Sg' u/]/ leq laemfpg yfNof] . a8f] Unflg eof] . ltgn] a];f]dtL eO{ nfh krfP/ tna vfPsfdf d'6' rl:sg'eGbf cf_" ;b:o–;lrj eO{ vfPsf] tna–eQf dnfO{ sf§f] vfPh:t} nf~5gfo'Qm lwSsf/h:tf] nfUg yfNof] . ;a} b]v]/–;'g]/ klg a'em krfP/ a:g'k/]sf]df d kfgLd?jf k|f1 eP/ vfFr}l;lt eGb} lbg s6gL ul//xg'k/]sf] lyof] .
d}n] cf_"d'lgsf s]zjdfgsf ;fd' 5fkfvfgfsf] ;d:of /fv]+ . pgn] eg]— æd}n] a'‰bf ;/sf] s'g} kIf alnof] 5}g . b/af/ nfld5fg]nfO{ lems]/ dnfO{ /fv]sf]df xh'/l;t plxn] g} lrl9O;s]sf] 5 . >L % sf] ;/sf/t_{ eg] ;/sf] k|wfgdGqLl;t e]63f6} 5}g . tfn'sjfn lzIffdGqL vGr'jf ef]hge§ ePsfn] k|1faf6 s'g} k|flKt gx'g] b]v]/ lg/fz 5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf 5fkfvfgfsf] e'ª\u|fdf xft xfNg] ;Nnfx d lbg ;lSbgF .Æ
cf_"eGbf dfly pks'nkltaf6 s'g} ;xof]u kfpg] emg\ cfz lyPg, lsgls pgnfO{ g]kfnL k|zf;gtGqsf] prgLraf/] s'g} 1fg lyPg . xl:tgfk'/af6 cfPsf cfnfsfFrf dflg;nfO{ g]kfnsf] k|zf;lgs hGt/dGt/sf] hf]vgfaf/] s] yfxf <
s]xL glhs eOvfPsf pka'h|'s k|f1x¿sf] klg o;af/] gf8L ;dfP/ x]/]+ . ltgn] klg k|1fleq 7"nf] x'G8/L dlRrg] ;ª\s]t lbP/ o;af/] a9\tf rf];f]df];f] ldnfpg] ts{gf gu/] g} :jf:Yosf nflu plrt x'g] 7f]s'jf ul/lbP .
To;f] eP k|1f ejgleq nfdf–nfdf ;'F8 em'G8ØfpFb} xl/t b"af{bn rl//x]sf dQf ;]tf xfQLx¿nfO{ To;} 5fl8lbg] <
s]zjdfgn] dfld{s s'/f eg]sf lyP . d]/f] lrG8f]dfly xft /flvlbg] s'g} xh'/af lyPg . ;Dk"0f{ hflu/sfndf d}n] s'g} cleefjs jf b]j–lkt[ :yfoL tj/af6 agfpg} ;lsgF h;sf] blxnf]df ufx«f];fF3'/f] k/]sf a]nf skfn sGofpFb} u'xf/ dfUg hfpmF . ‘cxf], To;nfO{ g5'g" x}, Tof] _nfgfsf] dflg; xf] eg]sf] ;'lg/fv]sf] lyPF . slxn]sfxL+ e/ª\u x'Gy]+ cf_" s;}sf] dflg; x'g g;s]sf]df . jL/uGhaf6 sf7df8f}+ cfOk'Ubf vNtL 6s6SofP/ x]/]+, hDdfhDdL tLg df]x/ lg:Sof] . ToxL lyof] /fhwfgL k|lji6 x'Fbfsf] d]/f] klxnf] k'FhL . cfzfjfbL / ;sf/fTds :jefj ePsfn] g} afFr]sf] lyPF . nfdf] ofqfdf k|To]s sf];]9'ª\uflg/ k'u]/ ;nfd uy]{+ / lz/ lgx'/fP/ dgdg} eGy]— ‘wGo uf]tfd] / t}+n] olt t ;_ntf;fy kf/ ul/;\ / lxF8\b} hf, af6fdf lxtsf/L ;+of]ux¿ klv{/x]sf xf]nfg\ . d lgh{gdf knfPsf] jg–t'n;Lsf] emf/h:t} lyPF . s;}n] klg h/f;d]t pv]n]/ k'gM ;LdfGtsf] ;x/df ldNsfOlbg ;SYof] .
o'jfj:yfdf klxn] sfª\u|]; / kl5 sDo'lg:6 kf6L{df ;lqmo eO{ nfu]sfn] /fi6«;]js x'Fbf k~rfotsfndf d]/f nflu Tof] yk clezfk x'g uPsf] lyof] . kbf]Gglt, tSdf jf ultnf] 7fpFdf :yfgfGt/0f ug'{kbf{ dflysfn] cf_gf] ;'ljwfcg';f/ v'Fvf/ sfª\u|];L jf eofgs jfdkGyL egL kG5fOlbGy] . d ?;L k'tnLh:t} emfFunem'Fun x'Fb}, pFwf]d'lG6Fb} k'gM hxfF lyPF ToxL+ cfP/ pleO/x]sf] x'Gy]+ . t/ d]/f] l67nfUbf] cj:yf b]v]/ Pp6f g Pp6f ;';+of]u kbf{sf] kf6f] prfn]/ dlt/ lrofO/x]sf] x'GYof] .
gu]G_k|;fbn] k|wfgdGqL ePsf] nuQ} tTsfnLg d'Vo ;lrj wd{ljqmd /f0ff eujfg\, h;f{asf] cfTdfnfO{ zflGt b] /_ nfO{ dnfO{ kbf]Gglt u/L pxfFsf] sfof{nodf sfh v6fpg k'hL{ k7fpg c/fpg'eof] . t/ kfFr lbg;Dd d sfof{no gcfPsf] k'gM d'Vo ;lrjnfO{ 8fs]/ ;f]Wg'eof] . hg]{nn] uhSs eP/ eg]— æd}n] k'hL{ k7fP kf] Tof] cfpg] < Tof] dflg; Joj:yf lj/f]wL xf] egL dl;t a/_afusf] l/kf]6{ 5 . xh'/n] csf]{ dflg; vf]h] x'G5, ToxL lsg rflxof] <Æ b/af/sf] ln6f] vfP/ afd] ;g{ l;s]sf hg]{n lgs} zlQmzfnLdWo] ulgGy] . c¿ k|wfgdGqL eP hg]{nsf] egfOdf y'r'Ss a:y] / c¿ s'g}nfO{ /f]Hg] lyP . t/ l/hfnhLn] dfg]gg\, dL7f] af]nLdf xfF:b} eg]— æh;f{a, klxn] of] eGg';\ tkfO{+ k|wfgdGqL xf] ls d < d}n] cf1f lbPkl5 x]gt]g s'/f] u/]/ cndNofpg] tkfO{+n] lsg < cfh} p;n] k'hL{ kfpg'k5{, c¿ s'/f dnfO{ yfxf 5}g .Æ
/flt P3f/ ah] d]/f] aQL;k'tnLsf] em'k|fdf Ps xNsf/f u'F8'lNsFb} cfOk'Uof] / 3f]qmf] Roft]/ d]/f] gfd e6Øfpg yfNof] . cfFvf ldRb} p7]/ k'hL{ a'em]+ .
t/ ;a} a]nf–avt o:t} ;';+of]ux¿ kª\v _'sfP/ sfjf vfFb} d]/f] bflxg] s'ddf a:g cfOk'U5g\ eg]/ s;/L lrtfpg ;lsG5 <
/fhfsf dfdf ;'zLnzdz]/sf] 3fF6Ldf vfFbfvfFb} r/fsf] xf8 c8\s]sf] w]/} cl3 ;'g]sf] lyPF . /fhfsf dfdf ePsfn] /flt cfjZostfeGbf a9L lrlsT;sx¿ x:ofª_:ofª ub}{ cfP / xf8 lemls5f8] . To:t} 5fkfvfgf xf8 eP/ d]/f] l3r|fdf c8\s]sf] lyof] . t/ d}n] lgbfg sxfFaf6 kfpg' < htf pRrf/0f u¥of] Totfaf6 gsf/fTds k|ltWjlg cfpFYof] . pgLx¿nfO{ cjsfz lbg k|f1kl/ifb\af6 lg0f{o u/fpg'kg]{ x'GYof] . hals 5fkfvfgfsf] ljifo kl/ifb\df pRrf/0f u¥of] ls ;a} w'l/p7]/ o;sf] lj/f]w ug]{ lyP eGg] s'/f d}n] JolQm–JolQmsf] d'v ;'F3]/ cufj} yfxf kfO;s]sf] lyPF . d}n] leq–leq ls jf/ ls kf/ eGg] c7f]6 t lnO;s]sf] lyPF t/ of] sfd cfb]zdf ug{ x'Gg gqeg] cf_}+lt/ ‘a'd/}ª\u _s]{h:tf] x'g]5 eG7fg]+ / s]xL lbgsf nflu ;f]r–ljrf/ ug{ of] ;d:of yftL /flvlbPF .
;lrj, cyf{t\ ljefuLo k|d'v ePsf] k|1f–k|lti7fgleqsf ;fgf–7"nf ;a} ;d:of rf/}lt/af6 _Gsf] df/]/ cGtdf d]/} 6fpsfdf ahfl/GYof] . xnsf] zLttfk lgoGqs oGqn] sfd u/]g, snfsf/x¿ xflh/ u/]/ rnlrqdf clego ug{ hfG5g\, s'g} sd{rf/Ln] nfdfx¿sf] wfld{s sfo{qmd ubf{ lgodeGbf a9L k};f lt/fP/ vfOlbof], k|f1x¿sf] zf}rfno Hofb} _f]xf]/ eof] cflb–cflb ;a} ;d:ofx¿sf] lsgf/f d}n] g} nfpg'kYof]{ .
Ps lbg pks'nklt 8f= a/fnn] dnfO{ cf_gf] sfo{sIfdf 8fSg'eof] . To:t} s]xL ;f/f]–;fF3'/f] k¥of] xf]nf eG7fg]+ . hfG5' t a/fnhL u'Ty eO{ _lGsPsf] h:tf] kfPF . d}n] 7§f ub}{ lxGbLdf eg]+— æSof]+, b'Zdgf]+ sL tlaot cfh gfzfb x} Sof <Æ
æa]sf/ nvgf}bf 7§f ug'{x'G5 . b':dg t d]/f nflu Tof] s]6L ePsL 5 h;nfO{ NofP/ tkfO{+n] d]/f] sfof{nodf a;fOlbg'ePsf] 5 /Æ
æd}n] emg\ pks'nklt ;'xfpFbf] ;'bz{gf kL= P= k7fOlbPsf] 5' . cfpFbfcfpFb} b'O{ aft df/]/ a"9f lbgel/ k|;Gg d'_fdf /x"g\ eg]/} kL= P= sf] d]rdf a;fOlbPsf] x'F .Æ
ætkfO{+ cf_}+ lsg /fVg'x'Gg <Æ
æd tkfO{+eGbf sd pd/]sf] 5' . d]/f] sfof{nodf cg]s na/kfF8]x¿ cfO/xG5g\ . t/ tkfO{+sf] t pd]/n] g} 9fnsf] sfd ug]{5 eg]/ ;f]rL–larf/L otf k7fPsf] x'F . lsg s] si6 eof] p;af6 <Æ
olt s'/fsfgL x'Gh]ndf a/fnhL ;fdfGodf _ls{;Sg'ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] eGg'eof]— æTo:tf] s'g} pNn]vgLo ck/fw xf]Og . s'/f olt dfq xf] ls p;sf] cf;g ly/ 5}g . sfof{noaf6 lbgsf] b'O{–tLg k6s aflx/ hfG5] . 306f}+;Dd lghL ;lrjsf] sf]7f vfnL x'G5 . d la|l6; cg'zf;gsf] dflg;, dnfO{ of] ;_o x'Fb}g . ;f]Wof] eg] d ;lrjHo"sf] cg'dlt lnP/} uPsL x'F eGg] pQ/ kfpF5' .Æ
æp;n] ldYof eg]sL xf]Og . lbgdf Ps–b'O{ k6s aflx/ hfg] :yfoL cg'dlt d}n] lbPsf] x'F .Æ
æs] sfdsf nflu ltgL _'Q–_'Q lbgsf] b'O{–tLg k6s aflx/ hflG5g\, d klg t ;'g"F /Æ
æTof] d clxn] eGg ;lSbgF . p;sf] Hofb} lghL sf/0f ePsfn] dfgjtfsf] gftfn] d}n] Tolt 5'6 lbPsf] x'F . ;a} s'/f oflGqs lsl;dn] lgod–sfg'gn] dfq kl/rflnt x'Fb}g ;/ / s'/fsf] r'/f] yfxf kfpg'eof] eg] tkfO{+ klg p;nfO{ aflx/ lgl:sgsf nflu 5]saf/ nfpg]af/] ;f]Rg ;Sg'x'Gg .Æ
s]xL c:yfoL kbk"lt{ ug'{k/]sfn] xfdLn] v'nf k|ltof]lutfsf nflu ‘uf]/vfkq df lj1fkg lems]sf lyof}+ . s]xL lbgkl5 g} wdfwd b/vf:tx¿ cfpg yfn] .
Ps lbg cf_gf] sfo{sIfdf al;/x]sf] lyPF . ;xfosn] e]6\g cfpg] dflg;sf] Pp6f k'hL{ lbof] . o;f] x]/]sf] kTof/} nfu]g . k'hL{df jgdGqL, >L % sf] ;/sf/ n]lvPsf] lyof] . d x'lQP/ aflx/ uPF . jL/dl0f 9sfn pleP/ 6f]nfO/x]sf lyP . d}n] :jfut u/]/ leq nu]+ . d}n] rfn" cf}krfl/stf b]vfpFb} eg]+— ædGqLHo"n] 8fSg'eP d cf_}+ xflh/ eOxfNg] lyPF . :jod\ lsg si6 ug'{ePsf] <Æ logLl;t d]/f] gu0oh:t} Hofb} emLgf] kl/ro s'g} ljjfxsf] x"nxfndf ePsf] lyof] . pgn] cf_gf] cfpg] sf/0f eGbf d emg\ tLg5Ss k/]+ . Pp6f b'Anf] / xf]rf] s]6f]nfO{ ;fy} lnP/ cfPsf /x]5g\ . p;nfO{ b]vfpFb} eg]— æof] Hofb} b'Mv kfPsf] s]6f] xf], k9\g} kfPg . o;nfO{ gofF vl/bf/ kbdf egf{ ul/lbg'eP d Hofb} u'g dfGg] lyPF .Æ d}n] lgo'Qm ul/lbPF . kl5 yfxf eof], jL/dl0fHo"n] cf_gf] kbsf] ;b'kof]u ub}{ cs't wg s'DNofpg'eP5 t/ cf_gf] s[kfkfq s]6f] ljBf cfh{gsf nflu dnfO{ lxNnf nfP/ lxF8\g'eof] . tL o'js k|1f k':tsfnodf xfn;Dd sfd ub}{ 5g\ . pgn] cf_"nfO{ k//fi6«sf s[;' 5]qLsf] sfG5f] efO egL dnfO{ kl/ro lbPsf lyP .
lj1flkt sd{rf/Lsf nflu tLg hgfsf] Ps cGtjf{tf{ sld6L agfOlbPsf] lyPF . cf_}+n] dfq egf{ ubf{ cjufn cfpg] cfzª\sf lyof] . To; ;ldltdf a? d klg a;]sf] lyPF .
pks'nkltsf] ;xfossf] kb l/Qm ePsfn] To; kbsf nflu klg xfdLn] b/vf:t cf_jfg u/]sf lyof}+ . vl/bf/sf] To; :jsLo ;lrj kbsf nflu lgs} lgj]bgx¿ k/]sf lyP . t/ xfdLn] Pp6L cfsif{s s]6LnfO{ /f]Hof}+ . cGtjf{tf{df a8f] ws _'sfP/ p;n] ts{k"0f{ pQ/ lbPsL lyO{ / o;cufj} sxL+ cGoq klg sfd ul/;s]sfn] _fOnsf], 6fOksf] / 6]ln_f]gdf ;+jfb cfbfgk|bfgsf] cg'ej klg /x]sfn] pm 5gf]6df k/]sL lyO{ .
Ps lbg a]n'sLkv l5kl5k] ;GWofdf Ps j[4fl;t cfP/ d]/f] cfFugdf plePsL 5 . j[4fsf] kf]N6fdf s]xL j:t' lyof] . d}n] leq 8fs]+ . bdoGtL Tof] gofF lgo'lQm kfpg] s]6Lsf] gfd lyof], j[4f p;sL cfdf /lx5 . æxh'/sf] ho xf];\ / xh'/n] t o; ul/a s]6fsf] h'g pksf/ ug'{eof] To;n] xh'/sf] ;ft k':tf;Ddsf ;Gtfgsf] enf] x'g]5… .Æ j[4fn] kf]N6faf6 Pp6f lzz'sf] slnnf] xft xNnfO{–xNnfO{ dpk/ cfzLjf{bsf] cf]O/f] nufO/x]sL lyO{ . d eg] s]xL ga'em]/ csdSs lyPF . j[4f zfGt ePkl5 ;a} s'/f yfxf kfPF .
ePsf] s] /x]5 eg] bdoGtL ef/L hLp eP/ e/]ef]ln ePsL /lx5 . cljjflxt eP/} p;n] ue{wf/0f ul/5 . bdoGtLsf] cj:yf a'em]kl5 p;sf] k|]dL, h;n] lbg/ft ljjfxsf] afrf u/]/ bdoGtLnfO{ _:Nofª_':n'ª kfl//fv]sf] lyof], Tof] cGtWof{g eof] . Ps lg;xfo / lgw{g kl/jf/sf nflu of] 7"nf] jh|kfth:t} lyof] . p;n] k|1fdf lgj]bg lbPsL t lyO{ t/ h'g lbg cGtjf{tf{ lyof] ToxL lbg bdoGtLn] afns hGdfO{ . of] csf]{ v8\uf] cfP/ p;sf ;fd' t]l;{of] . t/ p;n] of] cj;/ u'dfpg rflxg . ;a}n] /f]Sbf/f]Sb} klg cfnf] ;'Ts]/L xfd|f ;fd' cGtjf{tf{ lbg cfOk'uL . p;n] cf_"nfO{ o;/L l;Fuf/]/ tfhf / 6f7f] dfq xf]Og, lgs} cfsif{s t'NofP/ klg xfd|f ;fd' k|:t't u/]sL lyO{ ls xfdL tLg hgfdWo] s;}n] bdoGtL gjk|;"tf xf] eGg] /QLe/ nv sf9\g ;s]gf}+ . 3/df d]/f ;fd' pm cfk/flws efjgfn] lz/ lgx'/fP/ plePsL lyO{ . d}n] eg]+— æo;df s'g} kZrfQfk ug]{ s'/f 5}g . xfdLnfO{ 5Sofof} eGg] efjgfn] ltdLnfO{ Unflg ePsf] xf] eg] Tof] lal;{b]pm . d t emg\ ;f/f] ltd|f] ;fx;sf] kf] k|z+;f ub{5' . xfd|f] b]zsf cefju|:t cfOdfO{x¿ hGd]sf] lzz' kf]N6fdf afFw]/ lk7Ø"Fdf 8f]sf] af]sL ;x/df bfp/f a]Rg cfpF5g\ eGg];Dd ;'g]sf] x'F . To; sf/0f ltdLnfO{ s'g} bofdfofn] k|]l/t u/]/ lgo'lQm lbPsf xf]Ogf}+ . ltd|f] cg'ej sfo{Ifdtfn] g} ltdLnfO{ of] 7fpFdf k'¥ofPsf] xf] . d}n] pks'nkltsf] sfof{nodf /flvlbPsf] 5', hfpm lgw{Ss eP/ sfd u/ .Æ
s]xL lbgkl5 bdoGtL d PSnf] a;]sf a]nf d]/f] sfo{sIfdf cfO{ / eGg yfnL— æ;/, Pp6f ;d:of laGtL ug{ cfPsL x'F .Æ
p;sf] egfOaf6 s] klg yfxf eof] eg] gjhft lzz'nfO{ p;n] b"w v'jfpg b'O{–tLg k6s 3/ uPg eg] ptf s]6f] ef]sfP/ d5{ eg] otf cfdfsf] :tg uflGgP/ rf]nf]el/ 5tf5'Nn t x'G5–x'G5, kl5 ufF7f] k/]/ zNolqmof ug'{kg]{ kl/0ffd klg cfpg ;S5 . bdoGtLaf/] sfof{nosf c¿ s'/f}6L s]6Lx¿aLr tyfgfd rrf{ rNg ;Sg] ePsfn] o; lghL k|;ª\unfO{ ;se/ 9fs5f]k u/]/} /fVg' plrt lyof] .
sltko cK7Øf/fx¿ eP klg d}n] bdoGtLnfO{ :tgkfg u/fpg hfg] cg'dlt lbg'k¥of] . Tolt qm"/ k|zf;s x'g ufx«} kbf]{ /x]5 . pgL lbgsf] b'O{ jf tLg rf]l6 k|1f glhs} /x]sf] 8]/fdf uP/ ef]sn] lrRofO/x]sf] afnssf] If'wf zfGt t'NofP/ cfpFlyg\ . 8]/faf6 _s]{/ cfpFbf gjdft[Tjsf] jfT;Nok"0f{ cfef pgsf] cg'xf/df cfTd;Gt'li6 eP/ 5fPsf] x'GYof] .
t/ s] ug'{, pgsf] cfTd;Gt'li6 pks'nkltsf nflu 7"nf] c;Gt'li6sf] sf/s x'g uof] . d}n] ;a} s'/f a/fnhLnfO{ eg]kl5 ;fDo eP/ eg]— æ7Ls 5, dfgjtfsf] gftfn] klg hfg lbg' plrt xf] . pgsf] cg'kl:yltdf lkognfO{ ?h' /x]/ a:g" eGg]5' .Æ
o; ;fgf] k|;ª\un] d]/f] dgdf ulx/f] 5fk kf/]sfn] g} of] bdoGtL–ufyf o; cfn]vleq If]ksh:tf] / lsl~rt\ ck|f;ª\lus b]lvP klg pNn]v ug{ afWo ePF . ca Tof] gjhft lzz' klg t]x«–rf}w jif{sf] snsnfpFbf] lszf]/ eO;s]sf] x'g'k5{ . bdoGtL eg] k|1f–k|lti7fgd} sfo{/t l5g\ .
o:tf ;fgfltgf k|;ª\uaf6 lgj[Q x'gf;fy dgleq pxL yftL /fv]sf] hl6ntd ;d:ofn] cf_gf] ljiffQm _0ff prflnxfNYof] . d}n] lgjt{dfg ;lrjx¿ h:t} sfo/ / ;'ljwfef]uL eP/ a:g] ljrf/ ul/;s]sf] c8\sn u/]/ tL sd{rf/L emg\–emg\ p208 x'Fb} uPsf lyP . dnfO{ nfUof], ;d:ofn] cfOh s':tL v]Ng eg]/ lt3|f 76fO/x]sf] 5 .
d}n] klg dgdg} c7f]6 u/]+— of] ljifj[Ifn] el/Psf] hª\un ls bfjflUg nfP/ ;vfk v/fgL kf/]/ To;sf] lau't lgwf/df n]kg u5'{ ls ToxL 89]nf]df cf_gf] cfx'lt lbG5' .
o; sfo{jfxLnfO{ clGtd ¿k lbg d}n] ;f]r–ljrf/ u/L a]Un} af6f] ckgfPF . 5fkfvfgfnfO{ oyfl:yltd} /xg lbg] k|f1x¿nfO{ Ps lbg 3/df /flqef]hgsf nflu 8fs]+ . t/n kbfy{sf] ;]jgn] ;a} xn'sf :gfo'df cfO;s]kl5 / k|1fsf] ;b:o ePsf] wªwªL 6f9f–6f9f x'Fb} uPkl5 d}n] d"n s'/f cf]5ØfPF . k|1fsf] bf]xf]/f] cfly{s vtLsf] s'/f klg eg]+ . c¿ s;}n] cfF6 gu/]sf] s'/f xfd|f kfnfdf x'g uPsf] >]o xfdL ;a}n] kfpg]5f}+, o;/L kfn]/ /fVg' b]zsf lgw{g s/bftfx¿k|lt klg cGofo ePsf] 7xl/g]5 eg]+ . of] klg eg]+ ls tkfO{+x¿n] ;xdlt dfq lbg] xf] o;sf nflu, rf]6 kfpg] Rofd] x'g d} cl3;/f x'g]5', tkfO{+x¿nfO{ To;sf] /fk klg cfpg]5}g .
s]xL d]/f] cg'goljgosf] ts{, s]xL 3/fo;L v's'nf] jftfj/0f / s]xL vfglkgsf] k|efjn] ubf{ cGtdf ;a}n] ;xdlt k|s6 u/] .
ef]lnkN6 cufj}b]lv /flvPsf] k|f1;efdf k|:tfj /fVgf;fy :jLs[t eof] . d}n] ToxL lbg cjsfzsf] kq 6ª\sg u/fP/ sfof{noaf6 kfFr ah] labf x'Fbf d"n 9f]sfdf a'emfpg] u/L k'hL{ k7fOlbPF / ef]lnkN6 cfpg] cfFwLa]/L kv]{/ a;]+ . dgdg} ;f]r]+— s] kf] ul/xfNnfg\ x]¿F g <
vf]l;O;s]sf sd{rf/L lyP tL . cl3 t s'g} cg'zf;g lyPg eg] ca s]sf] lgod–sfg'gsf] aGb]h eg]/ nf7L–d'ª\u|L ug{ cfOk'Unfg\ eg]/ d}n] cufj} ;a} sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ va/bf/ u/]/ d]/} sfof{nosf] j/k/ em'lDdP/ a:g nufPsf] lyPF . t/ To:tf] s]xL ePg . ltgsf :jhgx¿n] eg]5g\— s:tf–s:tf zlQmzfnL ;lrjx¿n] t nf]t] sfg nfP/ k'hL{ a'em]/ 3/} a;] eg] ltdLx¿n] x"nx'Hht ug{ hfg' d"v{tf 7xl/g]5 .
d lbgel/ sf]xL wGw'sf/L cfpF5 ls egL af6f] x]l//x]+ . sf]xL cfPg . k|1f–k|lti7fg 7"nf] cfly{s Joflwaf6 d'Qm eof] .
of] ;a lqmofsnfk ubf{–gub}{ Ps lbg /]l8of]af6 k|1f–k|lti7fgsf] gofF P]gdf nfndf]x/ nfu]sf] ;dfrf/ cfof] . xfdL k'/fgf] PstL; ;fns} P]gaf6 k|f1df dgf]gLt ePsf lyof}+ / xfd|f] sfof{jlw ;f9] tLg jif{hlt dfq k'u]sf] lyof] . t/ klg gofF P]g cfPkl5 cf_" k|1fdf 6fFl;O/xg' dnfO{ plrt nfu]g .
ef]lnkN6 d}n] /fhLgfdf k7fpg nfu]sf] / c¿ k|f1x¿nfO{ klg ca al;/xg' xfd|f] g}ltstfn] glbg] ePsfn] /fhLgfdf lbg' plrt xf] eg]+ . w]/} jfbljjfb eof] . cGTodf a/fnhL;d]t xfdL ax';ª\Vos k|f1n] k|wfgdGqL cyf{t\ kb]g s'nkltnfO{ cf–cf_gf] /fhLgfdf k7fOlbof}+ . xfdLdWo] s]xL k|f1x¿n] /fhLgfdfsf] lj/f]w u/]/ lbg dfg]gg\ .
emG8} tLg lbgkl5 xfdLnfO{ wGojfb;lxt /fhLgfdf :jLs[t ePsf] ;"rgf cfof] eg] /fhLgfdf lbg gdfg]sfnfO{ cjsfzsf] k'hL{ k|wfgdGqL lgjf;af6 k7fOof] .
o; k|sf/ nLnfg6]Zj/ a/fnsf] g]t[Tjdf u7g eO/x]sf] k|1f–k|lti7fgsf] nLnf klg ;dfKt eof] . o;sf ;fy} d]/f] b'O{ xhf/ ;f]x« ;fnb]lv b'O{ xhf/ krf; ;fn;Dd emG8} rf}+tL; jif{sf nfdf] g nfdf] cg]s psfnL–cf]/fnL, sfF8}sfF8fn] el/Psf] ljofjfg / yf]/} eP klg s]xL x/Lltdfo'Qm ysfO dfg]{ y'Dsfx¿ ePsf] hflu/] hLjgsf] dxfofqfsf] yfGsf] nfUof] . To;sf] clGtd k6fIf]k ePsf] lyof] .